@prefix : . @prefix proeth-cases: . @prefix proeth: . @prefix proeth-core: . @prefix bfo: . @prefix iao: . @prefix ro: . @prefix dc: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix skos: . @prefix sh: . # Ontology Declaration a owl:Ontology ; rdfs:label "ProEthica Cases Ontology"@en ; dc:creator "ProEthica AI"@en ; dc:date "2025-09-08"^^xsd:date ; rdfs:comment "Case-based reasoning ontology for ethical scenario analysis and decision support. Enables structured representation of professional ethics dilemmas with evaluative dimensions. Version 2.0.0 adds comprehensive case structure framework for LangExtract integration."@en ; owl:versionInfo "2.0.0"^^xsd:string ; owl:imports ; owl:imports ; owl:imports ; owl:imports ; dc:description "Version 2.0.0 provides comprehensive case-based reasoning support for professional ethics scenarios with decision options, argumentation structures, and evaluative metrics. Adds case structure framework with templates, sections, and LangExtract integration properties for systematic content analysis and structured case processing."@en . ############################################################### # Case Representation Classes ############################################################### # Case: Core ethical scenario representation proeth-cases:Case a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "An information content entity representing a professional ethics scenario requiring deliberation and decision-making."@en ; skos:definition "A structured representation of a professional ethics dilemma or scenario that requires analysis, deliberation, and decision-making based on professional standards and ethical principles."@en . # Case Hierarchy: Different types of ethical cases proeth-cases:ConflictCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Conflict Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "A case involving conflicts between competing obligations, principles, or stakeholder interests."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case characterized by tensions between competing obligations, principles, or stakeholder interests that require careful deliberation to resolve."@en . proeth-cases:ComplianceCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Compliance Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "A case focused on adherence to professional standards, codes, or regulatory requirements."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case primarily concerned with ensuring compliance with professional standards, codes of ethics, or regulatory requirements."@en . proeth-cases:DilemmaCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Dilemma Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "A case presenting difficult choices between equally valid but conflicting ethical options."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case presenting difficult choices where multiple options have valid ethical justifications but are mutually exclusive or in tension."@en . # Decision Options: Possible courses of action proeth-cases:DecisionOption a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Decision Option"@en ; rdfs:comment "A possible course of action that could be taken in response to an ethical case."@en ; skos:definition "A structured representation of a possible course of action, decision, or response that could be taken by a professional agent in an ethical case scenario."@en . # Decision Option Types proeth-cases:ActionOption a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:label "Action Option"@en ; rdfs:comment "A decision option that involves taking specific actions or implementing particular behaviors."@en ; skos:definition "A decision option characterized by the implementation of specific actions, behaviors, or interventions to address the ethical case."@en . proeth-cases:RefrainOption a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:label "Refrain Option"@en ; rdfs:comment "A decision option that involves refraining from action or maintaining the status quo."@en ; skos:definition "A decision option characterized by choosing not to take specific actions or maintaining the current situation without intervention."@en . proeth-cases:EscalationOption a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:label "Escalation Option"@en ; rdfs:comment "A decision option that involves referring the case to higher authority or additional expertise."@en ; skos:definition "A decision option involving the referral of the case to higher authority, additional expertise, or formal review processes for resolution."@en . ############################################################### # Argumentation Framework ############################################################### # Argument Base Class proeth-cases:Argument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "A structured reasoning element supporting or opposing a decision option in an ethical case."@en ; skos:definition "An information content entity representing structured reasoning, evidence, or justification that supports or opposes a particular decision option in professional ethics deliberation."@en . # Pro Arguments: Support for decision options proeth-cases:ProArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Pro Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument that supports or justifies a particular decision option."@en ; skos:definition "An argument providing reasoning, evidence, or justification in favor of a particular decision option or course of action."@en . # Con Arguments: Opposition to decision options proeth-cases:ConArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Con Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument that opposes or raises concerns about a particular decision option."@en ; skos:definition "An argument providing reasoning, evidence, or justification against a particular decision option or raising concerns about its implementation."@en . # Argument Types by Basis proeth-cases:PrincipleArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Principle Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument based on fundamental ethical principles or values."@en ; skos:definition "An argument grounded in fundamental ethical principles, professional values, or moral frameworks."@en . proeth-cases:ConsequenceArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Consequence Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument based on predicted outcomes or consequences of a decision option."@en ; skos:definition "An argument based on analysis of predicted outcomes, consequences, or results of implementing a particular decision option."@en . proeth-cases:StakeholderArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Stakeholder Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument based on impacts to specific stakeholders or interest groups."@en ; skos:definition "An argument focused on the interests, rights, or impacts affecting specific stakeholders or interest groups in the case scenario."@en . proeth-cases:LegalArgument a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "Legal Argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "An argument based on legal requirements, regulations, or compliance considerations."@en ; skos:definition "An argument grounded in legal requirements, regulatory compliance, statutory obligations, or jurisprudential precedents."@en . ############################################################### # Case Context and Stakeholders ############################################################### # Stakeholder: Entities affected by case decisions proeth-cases:Stakeholder a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-core:Agent ; rdfs:label "Stakeholder"@en ; rdfs:comment "An agent who has interests that may be affected by decisions in an ethical case."@en ; skos:definition "An agent (individual, group, or organization) whose interests, rights, or welfare may be significantly affected by the decisions and outcomes of an ethical case."@en . # Case Context: Situational factors affecting the case proeth-cases:CaseContext a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Case Context"@en ; rdfs:comment "Information content describing the situational context and relevant factors for an ethical case."@en ; skos:definition "Structured information describing the professional, organizational, legal, and social context within which an ethical case occurs and decisions must be made."@en . ############################################################### # Object Properties: Case Structure and Relationships ############################################################### # Core Case Relationships proeth-cases:hasDecisionOption a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:label "has decision option"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case to available decision options that could be pursued."@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical case to a decision option that represents a possible course of action or response."@en . proeth-cases:hasArgument a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:Argument ; rdfs:label "has argument"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a decision option to arguments supporting or opposing it."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a decision option to an argument (pro or con) that provides reasoning about the option's merits or concerns."@en . proeth-cases:supportsOption a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf proeth-cases:hasArgument ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:ProArgument ; rdfs:label "supports option"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a decision option to pro arguments that support it."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a decision option to a pro argument that provides reasoning or justification in favor of the option."@en . proeth-cases:opposesOption a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf proeth-cases:hasArgument ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:ConArgument ; rdfs:label "opposes option"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a decision option to con arguments that oppose it."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a decision option to a con argument that raises concerns or provides reasoning against the option."@en . # Stakeholder Relationships proeth-cases:involvesStakeholder a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:Stakeholder ; rdfs:label "involves stakeholder"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case to stakeholders who are affected by or have interests in the case."@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical case to a stakeholder whose interests, rights, or welfare are significantly affected by the case and its potential resolutions."@en . proeth-cases:affectsStakeholder a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:Stakeholder ; rdfs:label "affects stakeholder"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a decision option to stakeholders who would be impacted by its implementation."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a decision option to a stakeholder who would be significantly impacted by the implementation of that option."@en . # Context Relationships proeth-cases:hasContext a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:CaseContext ; rdfs:label "has context"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case to its relevant contextual information."@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical case to contextual information that is relevant for understanding and analyzing the case scenario."@en . # Core Ontology Connections proeth-cases:involvesRole a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-core:Role ; rdfs:label "involves role"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case to professional roles that are involved in the scenario."@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical case to a professional role that is central to or involved in the case scenario."@en ; skos:changeNote "v2.4.2: Removed rdfs:subPropertyOf ro:0000057 (has_participant). RO:has_participant has domain process (BFO:0000015), but Case is an information content entity (GDC), not a process. A Case describes role involvement; it does not have participants in the BFO sense."@en . proeth-cases:triggeredByEvent a owl:ObjectProperty ; # RO_0000013 does not exist. 'causally downstream of' is not a standard RO IRI. # A Case (information content entity) cannot participate in causal relations per BFO. # The inverse of causally-upstream-of is RO_0002427 (causally downstream of or within). # However, Cases are not processes/occurrents so RO causal relations do not directly apply. # We therefore leave this without an RO subPropertyOf and model it as a domain-specific link. rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-core:Event ; rdfs:label "triggered by event"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case (as an information content entity representing the scenario) to events that initiated or precipitated the ethical situation."@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical case to an event that initiated, precipitated, or contributed to the development of the case scenario."@en ; skos:changeNote "v2.0.1: Removed rdfs:subPropertyOf ro:0000013 — RO_0000013 does not exist in the OBO Relations Ontology. Cases are ICEs (GDC) not processes, so RO causal relations do not apply directly."@en . proeth-cases:requiresAction a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range proeth-core:Action ; rdfs:label "requires action"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a decision option to actions that would need to be performed if the option is chosen."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a decision option to an action that would need to be performed, implemented, or taken if that option is selected."@en . ############################################################### # Evaluative Data Properties ############################################################### # Risk Assessment proeth-cases:riskLevel a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "risk level"@en ; rdfs:comment "Qualitative assessment of the risk level associated with a decision option."@en ; skos:definition "A qualitative assessment (low/medium/high) of the overall risk level associated with implementing a particular decision option."@en . proeth-cases:riskScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "risk score"@en ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative risk score for a decision option (scale 0-10, where 10 is highest risk)."@en ; skos:definition "A quantitative assessment of risk on a scale from 0 (no risk) to 10 (maximum risk) for implementing a decision option."@en . # Stakeholder Impact Assessment proeth-cases:stakeholderImpact a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "stakeholder impact"@en ; rdfs:comment "Qualitative assessment of overall impact on stakeholders."@en ; skos:definition "A qualitative assessment (minimal/moderate/significant/major) of the overall impact on stakeholders affected by a decision option."@en . proeth-cases:benefitScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "benefit score"@en ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative assessment of expected benefits (scale 0-10, where 10 is maximum benefit)."@en ; skos:definition "A quantitative assessment of expected benefits on a scale from 0 (no benefit) to 10 (maximum benefit) for implementing a decision option."@en . proeth-cases:harmScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "harm score"@en ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative assessment of potential harm (scale 0-10, where 10 is maximum harm)."@en ; skos:definition "A quantitative assessment of potential harm on a scale from 0 (no harm) to 10 (maximum harm) for implementing a decision option."@en . # Ethical Alignment Assessment proeth-cases:ethicalAlignment a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "ethical alignment"@en ; rdfs:comment "Qualitative assessment of alignment with ethical principles and professional standards."@en ; skos:definition "A qualitative assessment (poor/fair/good/excellent) of how well a decision option aligns with relevant ethical principles and professional standards."@en . proeth-cases:principleAlignment a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "principle alignment"@en ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative assessment of alignment with core ethical principles (scale 0-10, where 10 is perfect alignment)."@en ; skos:definition "A quantitative assessment of alignment with core ethical principles on a scale from 0 (no alignment) to 10 (perfect alignment)."@en . # Feasibility Assessment proeth-cases:feasibilityScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "feasibility score"@en ; rdfs:comment "Quantitative assessment of implementation feasibility (scale 0-10, where 10 is most feasible)."@en ; skos:definition "A quantitative assessment of how feasible it is to implement a decision option, on a scale from 0 (not feasible) to 10 (completely feasible)."@en . # Legal and Compliance Assessment proeth-cases:legalCompliance a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "legal compliance"@en ; rdfs:comment "Assessment of legal compliance status for the decision option."@en ; skos:definition "An assessment (compliant/questionable/non-compliant) of whether a decision option meets relevant legal requirements and regulatory standards."@en . # Overall Evaluation proeth-cases:overallScore a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; rdfs:label "overall score"@en ; rdfs:comment "Composite quantitative evaluation score (scale 0-10, where 10 is optimal choice)."@en ; skos:definition "A composite quantitative evaluation combining multiple assessment dimensions on a scale from 0 (poor option) to 10 (optimal option)."@en . # Case Metadata proeth-cases:caseComplexity a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "case complexity"@en ; rdfs:comment "Qualitative assessment of the case's complexity level."@en ; skos:definition "A qualitative assessment (simple/moderate/complex/highly-complex) of the overall complexity of an ethical case scenario."@en . proeth-cases:resolutionUrgency a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "resolution urgency"@en ; rdfs:comment "Assessment of how urgently the case requires resolution."@en ; skos:definition "An assessment (low/moderate/high/critical) of how urgently an ethical case requires decision-making and resolution."@en . ############################################################### # Ontological Constraints for Case-Based Reasoning ############################################################### # Every case must have at least one decision option # Using owl:someValuesFrom (OBO/BFO standard pattern) rather than owl:minCardinality. proeth-cases:Case rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty proeth-cases:hasDecisionOption ; owl:someValuesFrom proeth-cases:DecisionOption ] . # Every decision option should have at least one supporting or opposing argument proeth-cases:DecisionOption rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty proeth-cases:hasArgument ; owl:someValuesFrom proeth-cases:Argument ] . # Cases should involve at least one stakeholder proeth-cases:Case rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty proeth-cases:involvesStakeholder ; owl:someValuesFrom proeth-cases:Stakeholder ] . ############################################################### # SHACL Validation for Case-Based Reasoning Quality ############################################################### # Case Structure Validation proeth-cases:CaseStructureConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:Case ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:hasDecisionOption ; sh:minCount 2 ; sh:message "A case should have at least 2 decision options for meaningful analysis." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:involvesStakeholder ; sh:minCount 1 ; sh:message "A case must involve at least one stakeholder." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:hasContext ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:message "A case should have at most one primary context description." ] . # Decision Option Evaluation Validation proeth-cases:DecisionOptionConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:DecisionOption ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:hasArgument ; sh:minCount 1 ; sh:message "Every decision option must have at least one supporting or opposing argument." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:riskScore ; sh:datatype xsd:decimal ; sh:minInclusive 0.0 ; sh:maxInclusive 10.0 ; sh:message "Risk score must be between 0.0 and 10.0." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:overallScore ; sh:datatype xsd:decimal ; sh:minInclusive 0.0 ; sh:maxInclusive 10.0 ; sh:message "Overall score must be between 0.0 and 10.0." ] . # Argument Quality Validation proeth-cases:ArgumentConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:Argument ; sh:property [ sh:path rdfs:comment ; sh:minCount 1 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minLength 10 ; sh:message "Every argument must have a substantive comment with at least 10 characters." ] . ############################################################### # Case Structure Framework for LangExtract Integration ############################################################### # Case Structure Template: Defines the structural organization of ethics cases proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Case Structure Template"@en ; rdfs:comment "Defines the structural organization and sectional composition of professional ethics cases for systematic analysis."@en ; skos:definition "An information content entity that specifies the structural template, sections, and organization pattern used for professional ethics case presentation and analysis."@en . # Case Section: Individual structural components within a case proeth-cases:CaseSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Case Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "A structured section or component within a professional ethics case."@en ; skos:definition "An information content entity representing a distinct structural section or component within a professional ethics case, such as facts, questions, or conclusions."@en . # Section Type: Classification of different section types proeth-cases:SectionType a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Section Type"@en ; rdfs:comment "A classification or category for different types of case sections."@en ; skos:definition "A classification scheme that categorizes the different types of sections found in professional ethics cases based on their content and analytical purpose."@en . # Generic Section Types for Cross-Domain Use # FactualSection Class Definition proeth-cases:FactualSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "Factual Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Section type for objective factual information and situational context that establishes the environmental states for ethical analysis."@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting objective factual information, background context, and situational details that establish environmental states affecting ethical evaluation. Captures current conditions, historical information, and relevant contextual factors that determine which principles activate and how professional obligations apply in specific scenarios."@en ; dcterms:source . # EthicalQuestionSection Class Definition proeth-cases:EthicalQuestionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "Ethical Question Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Section type for central ethical questions requiring professional judgment and decision-making within role-specific contexts."@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting central ethical questions, dilemmas, or decision points requiring professional judgment. Frames ethical challenges within role-specific contexts where professional obligations may conflict and require systematic resolution through precedent-based reasoning."@en ; dcterms:source , . # AnalysisSection Class Definition proeth-cases:AnalysisSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "Analysis Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Section type for structured ethical reasoning that transforms abstract principles into concrete professional obligations through precedent-based analysis."@en ; skos:definition "Section providing structured ethical analysis, reasoning, and argumentation that bridges abstract principles to concrete obligations. Employs precedent-based reasoning, analogical comparison to paradigmatic cases, and systematic weighing of professional duties within domain-specific contexts."@en ; dcterms:source , . # ConclusionSection Class Definition proeth-cases:ConclusionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "Conclusion Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Section type for final professional decisions that specify concrete actions and establish precedential value for future cases."@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting final professional decisions, resolutions, and determinations that specify concrete actions while establishing precedential value for future analogical reasoning. Provides traceable connections from principles through analysis to specific professional obligations."@en ; dcterms:source , . # NOTE: Domain-specific section types (e.g., CodeReferenceSection, DissentingSection) # should be defined in domain-specific ontologies (e.g., engineering-ethics.ttl) ############################################################### # Case Structure Relationship Properties ############################################################### # Structure Template Relationships proeth-cases:hasSection a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:CaseSection ; rdfs:label "has section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case structure template to its constituent sections."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a case structure template to a case section that forms part of the template's organizational structure."@en . proeth-cases:hasSectionType a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseSection ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "has section type"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case section to its section type classification."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a case section to a section type that classifies the section's content and analytical purpose."@en . proeth-cases:followsTemplate a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate ; rdfs:label "follows template"@en ; rdfs:comment "Relates a case to the structure template that it follows."@en ; skos:definition "Relates a professional ethics case to the structure template that defines its organizational pattern and sectional composition."@en . # Section Ordering and Sequencing proeth-cases:sectionOrder a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseSection ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; rdfs:label "section order"@en ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the sequential order position of a section within a case structure."@en ; skos:definition "An integer value that specifies the position or sequence order of a case section within the overall case structure template."@en . proeth-cases:sectionLabel a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseSection ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "section label"@en ; rdfs:comment "The display label or title for a case section."@en ; skos:definition "A human-readable string that provides the display label or title for a case section as it appears in case presentations."@en . # Domain Specificity proeth-cases:isDomainSpecific a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; rdfs:label "is domain specific"@en ; rdfs:comment "Indicates whether this template is specific to a particular professional domain."@en ; skos:definition "A boolean property indicating whether a case structure template is designed for a specific professional domain or is generic across domains."@en . proeth-cases:targetDomain a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "target domain"@en ; rdfs:comment "Specifies the professional domain for which this template is designed."@en ; skos:definition "A string property that specifies the professional domain (e.g., engineering, medical, business) for which this case structure template is designed."@en . ############################################################### # Structural Validation Constraints ############################################################### # Case Structure Template Validation proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplateConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:CaseStructureTemplate ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:hasSection ; sh:minCount 2 ; sh:message "A case structure template must have at least 2 sections for meaningful organization." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:targetDomain ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:message "A template should have at most one target domain specified." ] . # Case Section Validation proeth-cases:CaseSectionConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:CaseSection ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:hasSectionType ; sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:message "Every case section must have exactly one section type." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:sectionOrder ; sh:datatype xsd:integer ; sh:minInclusive 1 ; sh:message "Section order must be a positive integer starting from 1." ] ; sh:property [ sh:path proeth-cases:sectionLabel ; sh:minCount 1 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minLength 2 ; sh:message "Every case section must have a label with at least 2 characters." ] . # Section Type Validation proeth-cases:SectionTypeConstraint a sh:NodeShape ; sh:targetClass proeth-cases:SectionType ; . ############################################################### # Domain-Specific Case Types for Professional Ethics ############################################################### # Engineering Ethics Cases proeth-cases:EngineeringCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Engineering Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ethical case specific to engineering practice and professional responsibilities."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case arising within engineering practice, involving professional responsibilities, public safety, and technical decision-making."@en . # Medical Ethics Cases proeth-cases:MedicalCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Medical Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ethical case specific to medical practice and healthcare responsibilities."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case arising within medical practice, involving patient care, professional responsibilities, and healthcare decision-making."@en . # Business Ethics Cases proeth-cases:BusinessCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Business Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ethical case specific to business practice and corporate responsibilities."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case arising within business practice, involving corporate responsibilities, stakeholder interests, and commercial decision-making."@en . # Research Ethics Cases proeth-cases:ResearchCase a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:Case ; rdfs:label "Research Case"@en ; rdfs:comment "An ethical case specific to research practice and academic responsibilities."@en ; skos:definition "An ethical case arising within research practice, involving academic responsibilities, research integrity, and scholarly decision-making."@en . ############################################################### # Disjointness and Consistency Axioms ############################################################### # Case types are disjoint [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( proeth-cases:ConflictCase proeth-cases:ComplianceCase proeth-cases:DilemmaCase ) . # Decision option types are disjoint [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( proeth-cases:ActionOption proeth-cases:RefrainOption proeth-cases:EscalationOption ) . # Pro and con arguments are disjoint proeth-cases:ProArgument owl:disjointWith proeth-cases:ConArgument . # Domain-specific case types are disjoint [] a owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( proeth-cases:EngineeringCase proeth-cases:MedicalCase proeth-cases:BusinessCase proeth-cases:ResearchCase ) . ############################################################### # NSPE-Specific Section Types for Multi-Section Extraction ############################################################### # NSPE case section types extend generic section framework proeth-cases:NSPEFactsSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:FactualSection ; rdfs:label "NSPE Facts Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Objective facts section in NSPE case structure, establishes contextual framework"@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting objective factual information specific to NSPE engineering ethics cases, establishing the environmental states and professional context for ethical analysis"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 1 . proeth-cases:NSPEDiscussionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:AnalysisSection ; rdfs:label "NSPE Discussion Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Analysis and ethical reasoning section in NSPE case structure"@en ; skos:definition "Section providing structured ethical analysis and reasoning in NSPE cases, applying professional engineering principles to case facts"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 2 . proeth-cases:NSPEQuestionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:EthicalQuestionSection ; rdfs:label "NSPE Question Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Formal ethical questions posed in NSPE case structure"@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting specific ethical questions requiring professional judgment in NSPE engineering ethics cases"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 3 . proeth-cases:NSPEConclusionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:ConclusionSection ; rdfs:label "NSPE Conclusion Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Resolution and answers to ethical questions in NSPE case structure"@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting final professional decisions and resolutions that answer ethical questions in NSPE cases"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 4 . proeth-cases:NSPEDissentingOpinionSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "NSPE Dissenting Opinion Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Alternative interpretation disagreeing with majority conclusion in NSPE cases"@en ; skos:definition "Section presenting alternative ethical interpretation or reasoning that disagrees with the majority conclusion, providing important precedential nuance in NSPE engineering ethics cases"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 5 . proeth-cases:NSPEReferencesSection a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-cases:SectionType ; rdfs:label "NSPE References Section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Code provisions, case precedents, and supporting references in NSPE cases"@en ; skos:definition "Section citing relevant NSPE Code of Ethics provisions, previous case precedents, and supporting materials that inform the ethical analysis"@en ; dcterms:source ; proeth-cases:sectionOrder 6 . ############################################################### # Question-Conclusion Framework for Ethical Reasoning ############################################################### # Ethical Question and Conclusion entities proeth-cases:EthicalQuestion a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Ethical Question"@en ; rdfs:comment "Specific ethical question posed in a case requiring professional resolution"@en ; skos:definition "An information content entity representing a specific ethical question, dilemma, or decision point posed in a professional ethics case that requires systematic analysis and resolution through professional judgment"@en ; dcterms:source . proeth-cases:EthicalConclusion a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf iao:0000030 ; # IAO:information content entity rdfs:label "Ethical Conclusion"@en ; rdfs:comment "Resolution or answer to an ethical question in a case"@en ; skos:definition "An information content entity representing the resolution, answer, or professional decision made in response to an ethical question, grounded in professional principles and precedential reasoning"@en ; dcterms:source . # Decision Point: Critical juncture requiring ethical choice proeth-cases:DecisionPoint a owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf proeth-core:Event ; rdfs:label "Decision Point"@en ; rdfs:comment "A point in an ethics case where a professional actor must make a choice between ethically significant alternatives."@en ; skos:definition "Decision points mark critical junctures in ethics cases where actors face choices between alternatives with ethical implications. Per Hobbs and Moore (2005) scenario-directed decision analysis, these points structure the ethical problem space and enable systematic analysis of options, constraints, and outcomes."@en ; dcterms:source ; skos:changeNote "v2.4.2: Added to cases namespace. 845 case instances reference proeth-cases:DecisionPoint but the class was previously only defined in intermediate namespace (intermediate#DecisionPoint)."@en . ############################################################### # Properties for Question-Conclusion Linking ############################################################### proeth-cases:answersQuestion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:EthicalConclusion ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:EthicalQuestion ; rdfs:label "answers question"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links an ethical conclusion to the question it addresses"@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical conclusion to the specific ethical question it addresses or resolves, establishing the reasoning chain from question to resolution"@en . proeth-cases:hasConclusion a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:EthicalQuestion ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:EthicalConclusion ; owl:inverseOf proeth-cases:answersQuestion ; rdfs:label "has conclusion"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links an ethical question to its conclusion(s)"@en ; skos:definition "Relates an ethical question to its conclusion(s), enabling navigation from question to resolution"@en . proeth-cases:questionText a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:EthicalQuestion ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "question text"@en ; rdfs:comment "The verbatim text of the ethical question"@en ; skos:definition "The exact textual formulation of the ethical question as posed in the case"@en . proeth-cases:questionNumber a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:EthicalQuestion ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; rdfs:label "question number"@en ; rdfs:comment "Ordering number for questions in a case"@en ; skos:definition "Integer value specifying the sequential position of a question within a case's question set"@en . proeth-cases:conclusionText a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain proeth-cases:EthicalConclusion ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:label "conclusion text"@en ; rdfs:comment "The verbatim text of the ethical conclusion"@en ; skos:definition "The exact textual formulation of the ethical conclusion or resolution"@en . ############################################################### # Properties for Entity Tracking Across Sections ############################################################### proeth-cases:extractedFromSection a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range proeth-cases:CaseSection ; rdfs:label "extracted from section"@en ; rdfs:comment "Links an entity to the case section from which it was extracted"@en ; skos:definition "Relates an extracted entity (role, principle, action, etc.) to the specific case section from which it was identified, enabling provenance tracking and cross-section analysis"@en . proeth-cases:fromDissentingOpinion a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range xsd:boolean ; rdfs:label "from dissenting opinion"@en ; rdfs:comment "Marks entities extracted from dissenting opinion section"@en ; skos:definition "Boolean property indicating whether an entity was extracted from a dissenting opinion section, signaling alternative interpretations that may contradict majority conclusions"@en . proeth-cases:referencesEntity a owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "references entity"@en ; rdfs:comment "Indicates this entity references another entity from a different section"@en ; skos:definition "Relates an entity to another entity it references or mentions, typically used when entities in later sections (Discussion, Conclusion) refer to entities from earlier sections (Facts)"@en . proeth-cases:sameEntityAs a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:SymmetricProperty ; rdfs:domain owl:Thing ; rdfs:range owl:Thing ; rdfs:label "same entity as"@en ; rdfs:comment "Indicates this entity is the same as an entity from another section"@en ; skos:definition "Symmetric property indicating that two entity mentions across different sections refer to the same real-world entity (e.g., 'the engineer' in Discussion refers to 'John Smith' in Facts)"@en .