Fairness in Professional Competition Invoked Against Kickback-Based Contract Award
P · Principle
Individual
http://proethica.org/ontology/case/91#Fairness_in_Professional_Competition_Invoked_Against_Kickback-Based_Contract_Award
Properties
Instance of
FairnessinProfessionalCompetition
http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#FairnessinProfessionalCompetition
Applied to
Competitive procurement for consulting, engineering, and construction contracting services to foreign governments
Balancing with
Competitive disadvantage in markets where bribery is normalized
Local business custom compliance
Concrete expression
Engineer A's participation in cash payments or in-kind property transfers to foreign officials to obtain work undermines fair and open competition in professional engineering procurement by substituting financial corruption for merit-based selection, disadvantaging engineers who refuse to participate in corrupt payment arrangements
Confidence
0.86
Importance
high
Interpretation
Fair competition in engineering procurement requires that contracts be awarded on the basis of qualifications and merit; corrupt payments corrupt the competitive process and constitute an unfair competitive advantage that violates the principle of fair and open competition
Invoked by
Engineer A International Government Consulting Engineer
Tension resolution
Fairness in competition is not culturally relative; corrupt payment arrangements violate fair competition principles regardless of their prevalence or legal status in the host or home jurisdiction
Source Evidence
Source text
Under the laws of Engineer A's home country, it is not illegal for individuals and companies to provide cash payments or in-kind property to public officials in foreign countries in order to obtain and retain business from those public officials.
Text references
Under the laws of Engineer A's home country, it is not illegal for individuals and companies to provide cash payments or in-kind property to public officials in foreign countries in order to obtain and retain business from those public officials.
the laws of Engineer A's home country permit companies to claim a business tax deduction for cash payment or in-kind property to foreign officials in order to obtain or retain work
TTL
@prefix case91: <http://proethica.org/ontology/case/91#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix proeth: <http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
case91:Fairness_in_Professional_Competition_Invoked_Against_Kickback-Based_Contract_Award a proeth:FairnessinProfessionalCompetition,
owl:NamedIndividual ;
rdfs:label "Fairness in Professional Competition Invoked Against Kickback-Based Contract Award" ;
proeth:appliedto "Competitive procurement for consulting, engineering, and construction contracting services to foreign governments" ;
proeth:balancingwith "Competitive disadvantage in markets where bribery is normalized",
"Local business custom compliance" ;
proeth:conceptCategory "Principle" ;
proeth:concreteexpression "Engineer A's participation in cash payments or in-kind property transfers to foreign officials to obtain work undermines fair and open competition in professional engineering procurement by substituting financial corruption for merit-based selection, disadvantaging engineers who refuse to participate in corrupt payment arrangements" ;
proeth:confidence "0.86" ;
proeth:discoveredincase "91" ;
proeth:discoveredinpass "2" ;
proeth:discoveredinsection "facts" ;
proeth:firstdiscoveredat "2026-03-01T06:15:55.153406+00:00" ;
proeth:firstdiscoveredincase "91" ;
proeth:generatedattime "2026-03-01T06:15:55.153406+00:00" ;
proeth:importance "high" ;
proeth:interpretation "Fair competition in engineering procurement requires that contracts be awarded on the basis of qualifications and merit; corrupt payments corrupt the competitive process and constitute an unfair competitive advantage that violates the principle of fair and open competition" ;
proeth:invokedby "Engineer A International Government Consulting Engineer" ;
proeth:principleclass "Fairness in Professional Competition" ;
proeth:sourcetext "Under the laws of Engineer A's home country, it is not illegal for individuals and companies to provide cash payments or in-kind property to public officials in foreign countries in order to obtain and retain business from those public officials." ;
proeth:tensionresolution "Fairness in competition is not culturally relative; corrupt payment arrangements violate fair competition principles regardless of their prevalence or legal status in the host or home jurisdiction" ;
proeth:textreferences "Under the laws of Engineer A's home country, it is not illegal for individuals and companies to provide cash payments or in-kind property to public officials in foreign countries in order to obtain and retain business from those public officials.",
"the laws of Engineer A's home country permit companies to claim a business tax deduction for cash payment or in-kind property to foreign officials in order to obtain or retain work" ;
proeth:wasattributedto "Case 91 Extraction" ;
prov:generatedAtTime "2026-03-01T06:33:38.124108"^^xsd:dateTime ;
prov:wasGeneratedBy "ProEthica Case 91 Extraction" .
Metadata
Extraction details
Discovered in case
91
Discovered in pass
2
Discovered in section
facts
First discovered
2026-03-01T06:15:55.153406+00:00
First case
91
Generated
2026-03-01T06:15:55.153406+00:00
Attributed to
Case 91 Extraction
Generated
2026-03-01T06:33:38.124108
Generated by
ProEthica Case 91 Extraction